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Romesh Chunder Dutt
Romesh Chunder Dutt, CIE ((ベンガル語:রমেশচন্দ্র দত্ত)) was an Indian civil servant, economic historian, writer, and translator of ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata''.
== Formative years ==
Dutt was born into a distinguished Bengali Kayastha family well known for its members' literary and academic achievements. His parents were Thakamani and Isam Chunder Dutt. His father, Isam Dutt, was a Deputy Collector of Bengal, whom Romesh often accompanied on official duties. Romesh was educated in various Bengali District schools, then at Hare School, Calcutta, founded by the philanthropist, David Hare. After his father's untimely death in a boat accident in eastern Bengal, Romesh's uncle, Shoshee Chunder Dutt, an accomplished writer, became his guardian in 1861. Romesh wrote about his uncle, "He used to sit at night with us and our favorite study used to be pieces from the works of the English poets."〔( R. C. Dutt, ''Romesh Chunder Dutt'' (1968), Internet Archive, Million Books Project, p. 10. )〕 He was a relative of Toru Dutt, one of nineteenth century Bengal's most prominent poets.
He entered the University of Calcutta, Presidency College in 1864, then passed the First Arts examination in 1866, second in order of merit, and won a scholarship. While still a student in the B.A. class, without his family's permission, he and two friends, Behari Lal Gupta and Surendranath Banerjee, left for England in 1868.〔Jnanendranath Gupta, ''Life and Works of Romesh Chandra Dutt, CIE'', (London: J.M.Dent and Sons Ltd., 1911); while young Romesh came out unnoticed, Beharilal, possibly his closest friend ever, was chased all the way down to the Calcutta docks by his "poor" father, who could not, however, successfully persuade his son to return to the safety of his parental home. Later, in England, both the friends took the civil service examination successfully, becoming the 2nd and 3rd Indians to join the ICS. The third person in the group, Surendranath Banerjee, also cleared the test, but was incorrectly disqualified, as being over-age.〕 Only one other Indian, Satyendra Nath Tagore, had ever before qualified for the Indian Civil Service. Romesh aimed to emulate Satyendranath Tagore's feat. For a long time, before and after 1853, the year the ICS examination was introduced in England, only British officers were appointed to covenanted posts.〔Nitish Sengupta, ''History of the Bengali-speaking People'', UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd. (2002), p. 275. ISBN 81-7476-355-4.〕 The 1860s saw the first attempts, largely successful, on the part of the Indians, and especially members of the Bengali intelligentsia, to occupy the superior official posts in India, until then completely dominated by the British.
At University College London, Dutt continued to study British writers. He studied law at Middle Temple, London, was called to the bar, and qualified for the Indian Civil Service in the open examination in 1869,〔( "Selected Poetry of Romesh Chunder Dutt (1848–1909)", University of Toronto (2002) On line. )〕 taking third place.〔S. K. Ratcliffe, (A Note on the Late Romesh C. Dutt ), in the Everyman's Library edition ''The Ramayana and the Mahabharata Condensed into English Verse'' (London: J.M. Dent and Sons and New York: E.P. Dutton, 1910), ix.〕
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